Bibliography & Abbreviations & Resources Used in the Training Timothys Material

* items are deemed especially valuable

*Anderson   “Excursus: The Identification of Babylon the Great with the United States of America,” Steven D. Anderson; online at https://truthonlybible.com. This is a very good paper on the topic. Anderson’s exegesis of Revelation 17-18 is detailed, usually accurate, and superior to any commentary available on the topic. Unfortunately, he believes Pre-tribulationism and this makes his view sometimes both unbiblical and confusing.

ASE    Advanced Studies on the Endtimes, Kurt Jurgensmeier; online at http://www.trainingtimothys.com. This will be volume #5 in The Prophetic Scripture series. Its purpose will be to address more difficult topics that are prompted by the previous volumes in the series. These include biblical principles of interpreting prophetic Scripture and explanations and refutations of various views on the Endtimes. 

Barclay    Barclay’s Daily Study Bible; online at https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/dsb.html.

Barnes    Barnes’s Notes on the Whole Bible, Albert Barnes; available online at https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/bnb.html.

Beale    The Book of Revelation, Gregory Beale, NIGTC (Eerdmans, 1999). Massive commentary reflected a great deal of knowledge. But the author’s focus on metaphorical meanings and an Amillennial perspective significantly reduce the value of its contents. 

BBP    The Beginning of Birth Pains, Kurt Jurgensmeier. This is volume #1 of The Prophetic Scriptures Series. It discusses a biblical view of the sequence of Endtime events, and the first events in the Endtimes. In the process, it is a significant refutation of the popular Pre-tribulational Rapture view. The third part is devoted to interpreting Revelation chapters 17-18 and concludes it is predicting the annihilation of the United States of America with nuclear weapons.

BCOT    Baker Commentary on the Old Testament (Baker)

*BDAG    A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Early Christian Literature, F. W. Danker ed., 3rd edition, (University of Chicago). Considered the most authoritative Greek lexicon available.

BDB    The Brown-Drivers-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon, Francis Brown, S. R. Driver, Charles A. Briggs (Tyndale, 1994). Available online at http://www.biblehub.com.

BENTC    Baker Exegetical New Testament Commentary (Baker)

Berkhof    Systematic Theology, Louis Berkhof (Banner of Truth Trust, 1998). Reformed

Block   The Book of Ezekiel, Daniel Block, NICOT (Eerdmans, 1998).

Bock     Luke, Darrell L. Bock, BECNT, 2 vols. (Baker, 1994, 1996). Too focused on false text-critical issues and not much depth in the commentary.

Bonck    America, Daughter of Babylon, Alan Bonck (iUniverse, 2008, Kindle ed.).

Bruce, Acts    The Book of the Acts, F. F. Bruce, NICNT (Eerdmans, 1988).

Bruce, Thess    1 & 2 Thessalonians, F. F. Bruce, WBC (Word, 1982). I rarely find Bruce to be helpful as his commentaries usually lack detail. 

*BST    Bible Speaks Today (Intervarsity). Stott’s commentaries are among the very best available. The others in the series not so much.

Calvin    Calvin’s Commentary on the Bible; online at https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/eng/cal.html

*Carson, John    The Gospel according to John, D. A. Carson, PNTC (Eerdmans, 1990). 

Carson, Matt    Matthew, D. A. Carson, EBC (Zondervan, 2010).

CE    Christian Essentials (Kurt Jurgensmeier)

CEV    Contemporary English Version (American Bible Society, 1995)

Coombes    America, the Babylon: America’s Destiny Foretold in Biblical Prophecy, R. A. Coombes (Leathers, 1998).

CSB    Christian Standard Bible (Holman, 2009). Produced by Southern Baptist.

C&R    The First Letter to the Corinthians, Roy E. Ciampa and Brian S. Rosner, PNTC (Eerdmans, 2010). In general this is a helpful commentary. However, their views on the condemnation of people in the Lord’s Supper (a 1 Cor 11:27-29) is heretical and does not belong in an Evangelical commentary. The authors claim God was killing Christians in Corinth to save these Christians from eternal condemnation (i.e. lose their salvation). Not only does such an interpretation reveal a great lack of skill and common sense, but it results in a message opposed to the Gospel and salvation by grace instead of works.

Davids    The Letters of 2 Peter and Jude, Peter H. Davids, PNTC (Eerdmans, 2006). 

D&A    Matthew, W. D. Davies, D. C. Allison, 3 Vols., ICC (T&T Clark, 2006). Focuses a lot on issues most of us will not be interested in. Have not found it to be often helpful.

*DBI   Dictionary of Biblical Imagery, Leland Ryken, et. al. eds., (Intervarsity, 1998). A surprisingly informative resource.

EBC    Expositors Bible Commentary, 12 vols. (Zondervan).

EDT    Evangelical Dictionary of Theology, Walter Elwell ed., (Baker. 1984).

Edgar    “Babylon: Ecclesiastical, Political, or What?,” Thomas Edgar, Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society, 25, no. 3 (1982).

Edwards, Luke    The Gospel according to Luke, James R. Edwards, PNTC (Eerdmans, 2015).

Edwards, Mark    The Gospel according to Mark, James R. Edwards, PNTC (Eerdmans, 2001).

ESV    English Standard Version (Crossway, 2001)

Erickson, Theology    Christian Theology, Millard J. Erickson (Baker, 1998); Baptist.

* Erickson, Guide    A Basic Guide to Eschatology, Millard J. Erickson (Baker, 1998). Helpful.

Fee, Pastorals    1 and 2 Timothy, Titus, Gordon Fee, NIBC (Hendricksen, 1998).

Fitzmyer   The Gospel According to Luke, Joseph A. Fitzmyer, AB (Doubleday, 1985). Basically composed of rather short textual notes. Normally not very helpful.

Fortner    Babylon the Great America, Michael Fortner (Trumpet Press, 2020, Kindle ed.).

France    The Gospel of Matthew, R. T. France, NICNT (Eerdmans, 2007). Often disappointing.

Goldingay, Psalms, 1-41, John Goldingay (Baker, 2006).

Green    2 Peter and Jude, Michael Green, TNTC (Eerdmans, 1999).

*Green   The Letters to the Thessalonians, Gene L. Green, PNTC (Eerdmans, 2002). By far the best commentary available on these letters. Greene not only provides much more helpful information than Bruce or Morris, but his interpretations are more accurate than Wanamaker. 

*Grudem, 1 Pet 1 Peter, Wayne Grudem, TNTC (Intervarsity, 2009). 

*Grudem    Systematic Theology, Wayne Grudem (Intervarsity, 1994). Reformed, Charismatic, Post-trib.

Gundry    Church and the Tribulation, R. H. Gundry (Zondervan, 1999, Kindle ed.). A thorough and biblical refutation of Pre-tribulationism. However, the author’s belief that Christians will be here during Christ’s Wrath is unbiblical.

Gundry, Matt   Matthew, R. H. Gundry (Eerdmans, 1994). Usually too brief to be helpful.

Guthrie The Pastoral Epistles, Donald Guthrie, TNTC (Intervarsity, 1999).

Hagner    Matthew 14-28, Donald Hagner (WBC), (Thomas Nelson, 1995, Kindle ed.).

Hamilton   The Book of Genesis, Chapters 1-17, Victor P. Hamilton, NICOT (Eerdmans, 1990).

Hansen    The Letter to the Philippians, G. Walter Hansen, PNTC (Eerdmans, 2009).

Hodge, Theology    Systematic Theology (abridged ed.), Charles Hodge, Edward N. Gross ed. (Presbyterian & Reformed, 1992)

Hicks    Come to the Table: Revisioning the Lord’s Supper, John Mark Hicks (Leafwood, 2002)

Hill    Daniel, Andrew Hill, EBC (Zondervan, 2008). Not very detailed and essentially worthless. Its value is greatly hindered by its focus on the past and less important “antichrist,” Antiochus Epiphanes, instead of helping to understand the more important fulfillments of Daniel’s prophecies in the future Antichrist.

Hitchcock   The End: A Complete Overview of Bible Prophecy and the End of Days, Mark Hitchcock (Tyndale, 2012, Kindle ed.). It is a helpful statement of typical modern theology on eschatalogical topics, often revealing popular but unbiblical beliefs. For example, it promotes the Pre-tribulational view.

Hitchcock    The Late Great United States: What Bible Prophecy Reveals About America’s Last Days, Mark Hitchcock (Random House, 2008, Kindle ed.) 

Hitchcock & Ice   Breaking the Apocalypse Code, Mark Hitchcock, Thomas Ice (The Word for Today, 2007).

Horton    The Christian Faith: A Systematic Theology for Pilgrims on the Way, Michael Horton (Zondervan, 2011). Reformed

Hultberg    Three Views on the Rapture, Alan Hultberg (Zondervan, 2018, Kindle ed.)

Hunt    The Woman Rides the Beast: The Roman Catholic Church and the Last Days, Dave Hunt (Harvest House, 1994).

ICC    International Critical Commentary (T & T Clark).

*ISBE    International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Geoffrey W. Bromiley ed., 4 vols. (Eerdmans, 1988). A very comprehensive, scholarly, and mostly conservative treatment of all kinds of biblical background information.

*K&D    Keil and Delitzsch Commentary on the Old Testament; available online at https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/kdo.html. A scholarly, helpful, very detailed, and uniquely conservative resource. Unfortunately, it is widely ignored by modern OT scholars, especially those influenced by the errors of liberal and critical OT scholarship. This may be because that is precisely what K&D so skillfully refuted.

Even though their commentaries were first published in 1861, the authors’ depth of knowledge of Hebrew and the OT is not surpassed by modern scholars. Its length could be considerably reduced if arguments against liberal scholars, and the Latin texts, were removed. Praise God it is free and online.

The description from Logos says:

19th century German theologians Carl Friedrich Keil and Franz Delitzsch wrote one of the most popular and extensive commentaries on the Old Testament. Today their Commentary is still held in esteem by conservative theological circles for its rigorous scholarship and sound theological judgment… [T]his evangelical commentary examines historical and literary aspects of the text, as well as grammatical and philological issues. Hebrew words and grammar are used, but usually in context, so you can follow the train of thought.

Scholarly reviews include:

“This series is one of great importance to the biblical scholar, and as regards its general execution, it leaves little or nothing to be desired” (Edinburgh Review).

“A more valuable commentary for the ‘theological students and scholars,’ for whom it is exclusively intended, than the one contained in these volumes, does not exist in English” (Methodist Recorder).

“The authors are among the most accomplished [Hebrew scholars]” (Baptist Magazine).

“A more important contribution than this series of commentaries has, we think, never been presented to English theological students” (Rock).

Knight    Commentary on the Pastoral Epistles, George W. Knight III, NIGTC (Eerdmans, 1992)

Knoor    “Revelation and Bible Prophecy,” Ed Knorr (2021); available online at https://www.cs.ubc.ca/~knorr/public/comparison_of_eschat_models.pdf.

Krieger    The Final Babylon: America and the Coming of Antichrist by Douglas Krieger, Dene McGriff, S. Douglas Woodward (Faith Happens, 2014).

Kruse    The Letters of John, Colin G. Kruse, PNTC (Eerdmans, 2000). 

Kruse, Rom    Paul’s Letter to the Romans, Colin G. Kruse, PNTC (Eerdmans, 2012).

Ladd, NT    A Theology of the New Testament, George E. Ladd (Eerdmans, 1993).

Ladd, Rev    A Commentary on the Revelation, George E. Ladd (Eerdmans, 1972). One of the few commentaries on Revelation from a more literal and Pre-Millennial view. However, not as detailed as Osborne.

Lahaye   Revelation Unveiled, Tim Lahaye (Zondervan, 1999).

Lahaye & Jenkins   Are We Living in the Endtimes?, Tim Lahaye, Jerry B. Jenkins (Tyndale, 1999).

LBC Left Behind Collection, Tim Lahaye & Jerry B. Jenkins, 11 vols. (Tyndale, 1995-2004). A fictional series that has sold almost 70 million copies worldwide and that promotes the Pre-tribulational view. It’s views on various Endtime events are included in the endnotes in The Prophetic Scriptures because it is by far the most popular and influential commentary on Christian eschatology in the modern church.

LBD    The Lexham Bible Dictionary, John D. Barry et al. ed. (Lexham, 2016).

L&D    Integrative Theology, Gordon R. Lewis & Bruce A. Demarest (Zondervan, 1996).

LGEINT    Lexham Greek-English Interlinear New Testament, W. Hall Harris III (Lexham, 2010).

lit.    “literally”

Longman    Jeremiah, Lamentations, Tremper Longman (Baker, Kindle ed.)

LXX    The Septuagint. The earliest Greek translation of the Hebrew OT. It was completed over a period of time in 100-250 B.C. The name Septuagint (from the Latin septuaginta, “70”) was derived from the claim in the Letter of Aristeas (written c. 100-200 B.C.) that there were 72 translators, 6 from each of the 12 tribes of Israel, who worked independently to translate it. 

Dr. Ryan Reeves notes: “[W]hen scholars [refer to the Septuagint], it does not refer to a single text. Rather, it refers to a collection of Greek translations produced by numerous scribes over the course of a few hundred years and, in all likelihood, composed in different locations… Though somewhat legendary in character, the Letter of Aristeas preserves some valuable information on the origins of the Septuagint. It tells us that an Egyptian king, Ptolemy Philadelphus (reigned from 285-246 BCE), commissioned a translation of the Hebrew Bible for his library in Alexandria. Seventy-two translators from Jerusalem were subsequently sent to the Island of Pharos to translate the Torah into Greek.” (“What is the Septuagint?” online at https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/what-is-the-septuagint/)

The Septuagint is valuable for at least two reasons. One, it helps us better understand the meaning of ancient Greek. Secondly, it was the primary translation used by NT writers when they quoted the OT. This explains the variations in OT quotes in the NT from the original Hebrew Bible that is used for our OT today.

*Marshall, Acts    Acts, I. H. Marshall, TNTC (Intervarsity, 1999). One of the best in the series.

Marshall, Luke   The Gospel of Luke, NIGTC (Eerdmans, 1998).

*Marshall, Past    The Pastoral Epistles, I. H. Marshall, ICC (T&T Clark, 2006). Very helpful in many places

Marshall, Supper    Last Supper & Lord’s Supper, I. H. Marshall (Regent College, 2006).

McComiskey    The Minor Prophets, Thomas McComiskey ed., 3 Vols. (Baker, 1992, 1993, 1998)

*MNTC    MacArthur’s New Testament Commentary, John F. MacArthur (Moody). One of the very best commentary series available. A good deal of interesting information and helpful to the preacher.

*Moo, Col    The Letters to the Colossians and to Philemon, Douglas J. Moo, PNTC (Eerdmans, 2008).

*Moo, Jms    The Letter of James, Douglas J. Moo, PNTC (Eerdmans, 2000).

Morris, John    The Gospel According to John, NICNT (Eerdmans, 1995).

Morris, Luke    Luke, Leon Morris, TNTC (Intervarsity, 1999).

Morris, Matt    The Gospel according to Matthew, Leon Morris, PNTC (Eerdmans, 1992).

Morris, Rev    Revelation, Leon Morris, TNTC (Eerdmans, 1996).

Morris, Thess    1 & 2 Thessalonians, Leon Morris, TNTC (Eerdmans, 1999).

Motyer   The Prophecy of Isaiah, J. Alec Motyer, (Intervarsity, 1993).

Mounce    Mounce’s Complete Expository Dictionary of Old & New Testament Words, William Mounce, ed. (Zondervan, 2006).

Mounce, Rev    The Book of Revelation, Robert H. Mounce, NICNT (Eerdmans, 1998). Some elements of a literal approach, but also values other approaches which diminishes its value. But often worth consulting.

M&S    The Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature, John McClintock and James Strong eds. (Baker, 1981); online at https://www.biblicalcyclopedia.com/

NASB    New American Standard Bible (Lockman Foundation, 1995)

NCV    New Century Version (Thomas Nelson, 2005)

NASEC    NASB Exhaustive Concordance (Zondervan, 2000).

NET    New English Translation (Biblical Studies Press, 1996-2017). Its numerous translation notes are a unique and often helpful feature.

NIBCNT    New International Bible Commentary (Hendrickson)

NICNT    New International Commentary on the New Testament (Eerdmans)

NICOT    New International Commentary on the Old Testament (Eerdmans)

NIDNTT    New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology, Colin Brown ed., 4 vols. (Zondervan, 1986).

NIEBF    Nelson’s Illustrated Encyclopedia of Bible Facts, J. I. Packer, Merrill C. Tenney, William White Jr., eds. (Thomas Nelson, 1995).

NIGTC   New International Greek Testament Commentary (Eerdmans)

NIV    New International Version (Biblia, 2011). Probably the most widely distributed version of the Bible in modern English. A good balance between a “word for word” (literal) and a “thought for thought” (dynamic) translation. Its popularity is a primary reason it is used in the Training Timothys materials.

*NLT    New Living Translation (Tyndale, 2015). Its updated English and dynamic (thought for thought) approach to translation makes it perhaps the one best Bible version available today. Its list of translators includes the most respected Hebrew and Greek scholars in the world. 

Nolland    The Gospel of Matthew, John Nolland, NIGTC (Eerdmans, 2005). Too focused on false text-critical synoptic issues. A lot of information that is usually not helpful.

Nolland    Commentary on Luke, John Nolland, NIGTC (Eerdmans, 1978). Unfortunately, about the same weaknesses of his commentary on Matthew.

*NT    New Testament. A very good book.

*O’Brien, Eph    The Letter to the Ephesians, Peter T. O’Brien, PNTC (Eerdmans, 1999). 

OCB    Oxford Companion to the Bible, Bruce M. Metzger, and Michael D. Coogan, eds. (Oxford, 1993)

Osborne   Luke Verse by Verse, Grant R. Osborne (Lexham, 2018, Kindle ed.)

* Osborne   Revelation, Grant R. Osborne, BECNT (Baker, 2009). One of the few modern commentaries on Revelation that focuses on a more literal and Pre-Millennial view. Overall, it is second only to Thomas.

Oswalt   The Book of Isaiah, John Oswalt, NICNT (Eerdmans, 1998).

*OT    Old Testament. Another very good book.

Payne    Encyclopedia of Biblical Prophecy, J. Barton Payne (Harper & Row, 1973)

Pentecost   Things to Come, Dwight Pentecost (Zondervan, 1958). A dispensational classic. Therefore, it is misleading in many ways. However, it does help to gather some valuable biblical data on the nature of the Millennium.

Peterson    The Acts of the Apostles, David G. Peterson, PNTC (Eerdmans, 2009).

Piper, Come   Come, Lord Jesus, John Piper (Crossway, 2023). Obviously, the author is one of the most influential Bible teachers of this generation. Therefore, it is fortunate that he confronts the biblical errors of especially Pre-tribulationism and Preterism. The downside of this book is that it is primarily devotional, and there are a lot of books and teachings available from that perspective.

PNTC    Pillar New Testament Commentary (Eerdmans)

*Reymond    A New Systematic Theology of the Christian Faith, Robert L. Reymond (Thomas Nelson, 1998). Reformed.

*Rhoades    The Babylon Code: Is America in Prophecy?, Richard N. Rhoades (Zion Foundation, 2014, Kindle ed.). The author does not focus on the best biblical arguments for his view, and some of his arguments are unlikely. However, it is among the most detailed and scholarly defenses of the view that America is Endtime Babylon. 

Riddlebarger    A Case for Amillennialism, Kim Riddlebarger (Baker, 2003). Perhaps the most popular defense of an Amillennial interpretation of Endtime events.

Riddlebarger, Antichrist    The Man of Sin: Uncovering the Truth about the Antichrist, Kim Riddlebarger, (Baker, 2006).

Seifrid    The Second Letter to the Corinthians, Mark A. Seifrid, PNTC (Eerdmans, 2014).

Smith    The Revelation of Jesus Christ, J. B. Smith (Herald, 1962). Smith was the founding president of Eastern Mennonite University (Harrisonburg, Virginia) and an influential scholar in that denomination. His commentary is better than most because it is so reasonable, instead of fanciful like so many others. His comments are brief, but if you have a literal approach to Revelation you will often agree with him.

Stillwell    America is Mystery Babylon, Steven Stillwell (2015).

*Stott, BST   The Bible Speaks Today (Intervarsity). Stott’s commentaries in this series are among the very best available for both sermon preparation and scholarly research. The other entries in this series not so much.

Stott, 1 John   The Epistles of John, John Stott, TNTC (Tyndale, 1964). In my opinion, the best commentary available on these letters.

Strong’s   Strong’s Concordance; online at https://biblehub.com/

Sweet    Revelation, J.P.M. Sweet (Westminster, 1979).

TGP    The Greatest Persecution, Kurt Jurgensmeier.  Volume #2 in The Prophetic Scripture series.

Thiselton    The First Epistle to the Corinthians, Anthony C. Thiselton, NIGTC (Eerdmans, 2000). Often too dense to be helpful.

* Thomas    Revelation: An Exegetical Commentary, Robert L. Thomas, 2 Vols. (Moody, 1992, Kindle ed.). Arguably the best commentary available on the book of Revelation. It is not as well-known as others. Its “exegetical” approach is effective. Although Thomas was a Professor at the Pre-Tribulationist Masters Seminary, this view does not overly skew his interpretation. Very detailed discussions of various views on practically every verse.

Thompson   The Book of Jeremiah, J. A. Thompson, NICOT (Eerdmans, 1980). Rather shallow and unhelpful. Even worse, rather liberal denying that Jeremiah accurately predicted 70 years of captivity for Israel in Babylon (cf. Jer 25:12-13. 

TNTC    Tyndale New Testament Commentary (Tyndale)

TOTC    Tyndale Old Testament Commentary (Tyndale)

*Tracy   The United States in Prophecy, Edward Tracy (Convale, 2009, Kindle ed.). A good presentation of the view presented in Endtimes Essentials

trans.    “translated” or “translation”

*TWOT    Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament, R. Laird Harris, Gleason L. Archer, Bruce K. Waltke, 2 vols. (Moody, 1980). A very helpful guide to the meaning of Hebrew words by some of the best OT scholars of Evangelical Christianity.

v.    “verse”

Van Kampen    The Sign, Robert Van Kampen (Crossway, 1999). The author was a pioneer of the Pre-Wrath Rapture position which is supported in The Prophetic Scripture Series. Because modern treatments on the Endtimes are often brief, shallow, and unbiblical, the author’s more biblical, detailed, lengthy, and comprehensive approach is commendable.

However, there are serious flaws in the book that significantly affect its value. First, it is not a very good or clear explanation of the Pre-Wrath position. This may be why he also wrote, The Rapture Question Answered: Plain and Simple (Crossway, 1997). Secondly, the author spends considerable ink on secondary issues for the topic like a commentary on the seven churches in Revelation 2-3. Thirdly, after many pages of detailed research, he arrives at some very unlikely conclusions about the Antichrist’s Beast Empire and the Antichrist himself. For example, he believes the best candidate for the Antichrist is a resurrected Adolf Hitler. Again, the breadth and depth of the book elicits great expectations, but the final product somewhat disappoints. And unfortunately, it probably does not help the Pre-Wrath view become more respected among Bible scholars. 

Van Kampen   The Rapture Question Answered: Plain & Simple (Revell, 1997). Unfortunately, this has some of the same weaknesses as The Sign

*Vine’s    Vine’s Complete Expository Dictionary of Old and New Testament Words, W. E. Vine, Merrill F. Unger, William White Jr. (Thomas Nelson, 1996). Although originally published in 1940 this is perhaps the very best resource for understanding the meaning of Greek words. Often more helpful than Mounce. Sometimes more information than BDAG. Certainly more concise than NIDNTT

vs.    “verses”

Wallace  The Message of Daniel, Ronald Wallace, BST (Intervarsity). Quite worthless.

Waltke   Genesis: A Commentary, Bruce K. Waltke (Zondervan, 2001, Kindle, ed.)

Walvoord, Dan   Daniel: The Key to Prophetic Revelation, John F. Walvoord (Moody, 1971). Often very informative, but its value is limited by its distortion of Daniel to fit a preconceived Dispensational view. 

Walvoord, Rev    Revelation, John F. Walvoord (Moody, 2011, Kindle ed.). The author’s purpose is an attempt to promote Pre-Tribulationism and as a result makes several inaccurate statements. Not much value here.

Walvoord, Thess    1 & 2 Thessalonians, John F. Walvoord (Moody, 2012, Kindle ed.). Severely limited by the same commitment to Pre-Tribulationism.

Wanamaker    The Epistles to the Thessalonians, Charles Wanamaker, NIGTC (Eerdmans, 1990). Seems less than helpful at times and sometimes makes odd conclusions.

*Webster’s    Merriam-Webster Dictionary; online at www.merriam-webster.com. An important resource for defining especially obscure and not often used English words that are commonly used to define Greek and Hebrew words in the lexicons. As a result, Webster’s can provide a more extensive and descriptive definition of Greek and Hebrew words used in Scripture.

Wiersbe    BE Series Commentary by (David C. Cook). These commentaries offer little detail. But they often provide helpful and insightful summaries and statements on passages of Scripture. Good for preachers to consult.

WBC    Word Biblical Commentary (Word)

W&S    Mark, Walter W. Wessel, and Mark Strauss, EBC (Zondervan, 2010).

Wuest   Word Studies from the Greek New Testament (Eerdmans)

Yarbrough    The Letters to Timothy and Titus, Robert W. Yarbrough, PNTC (Eerdmans, 2018).Young    A Commentary on Daniel, Edward J. Young (Banner of Truth Trust, 1988). Scholarly but Amillennial, which will limit its value for those with a more literal view of biblical prophecy.